侵犯賓客的權利會招致諸神的憤怒。而在羅馬人中間,賓客權在法律上的定義要比希臘更加完備。住客之間的紐帶之緊密程度可與主人和僕人(Patron and Client)之間的關係相比。主人甚至有義務在法庭上充當客人的庇護人(Patron)。這種契約是神聖不可侵犯的,以朱庇特之名行使,並且只能以公開宣告等正式途徑解除之。 後來的歷史中賓客權利是西方很重要的一項道德準則,基督山伯爵裡面曾經提過,美茜蒂絲要自己兒子無論如何也要在宴會上讓基督山伯爵吃點東西,而伯爵在仇人家中就是滴水未沾,這就是跟賓客權利息息相關的。
冰與火小說中: 冰火的原著中提到賓客權利的大致有以下幾處 第三卷,四處 第一處是曼斯雷德招待雪諾。 」你父親不會砍我的頭,」國王聳聳肩,「因為我在他的廳堂吃飯,受賓客權利的保護。有關賓客的法則同先民一樣古老,如心樹一般神聖。」 第二處是波頓招待詹姆。 「主人拿乳酪和橄欖盛情相待,作客人的怎可出言威脅?」波頓大人譴責,「至少在我們北方,大家還把賓客權利視為神聖不可侵犯的約定。」 第三處是凱特琳對羅柏的提醒。 「羅柏,仔細聽我講:一旦吃了他的麵包和食鹽,就代表你應該享受賓客權利,在他屋檐下,他作為主人對你有義務。」 第四處是小惡魔對血婚的評價。「So much for guest right.」
「Latercame sweetbreads and pigeon pie and baked apples fragrant withcinnamon and lemon cakes frosted in sugar, but by then Sansa was sostuffed that she could not manage more than two little lemon cakes,as much as she loved them. 「 「之後又上了甜麵包、鴿肉餡餅、散發肉桂香氣的烤蘋果和撒滿糖霜的檸檬蛋糕,可珊莎已經吃得太飽,勉強撐下兩個小檸檬蛋糕後就再也吃不下了。「 1、MedievalLemon Cakes 中世紀檸檬蛋糕
「Takefine flowre and good Damaske water you must have no other liquor butthat, then take sweet butter, two or three yolkes of egges and a goodquantity of Suger, and a fewe cloues, and mace, as your Cookes mouthshall serue him, and a lyttle saffron, and a little Gods good about asponfull if you put in too much they shall arise, cutte them insquares lyke vnto trenchers, and pricke them well, and let your ouenbe well swept and lay them vppon papers and so set them into theouen. Do not burne them if they be three or foure dayes olde they beethe better.」-Dawson, Thomas. The good huswifes Iewell. London: Edward White, 1596. (註:因為此段是用中古英語寫的,所以連蒙帶猜,如有不到之處,還望各位指正。) 「使用最精細的麵粉與上好的大馬士革玫瑰水〔來和面〕,不要使用除此以外的任何液體,然後加入甜奶油,兩或三個蛋黃,糖,幾枚丁香,肉蔻適量,番紅花適量,鹿角粉適量。將發好的面切成方形並在上面扎出洞眼,把爐子掃乾淨,用紙墊好蛋糕底部,然後把它們送入烤爐里。注意不要讓它們燒焦。將它們放置三到四天風味更佳。「
高能!製作方法以及所需材料~
Ingredients(材料):
3 Tbs. butter, softened 1/4 heaping cup sugar 3 egg yolks zest from one lemon 1/2 tsp. hartshorn (or baking soda), dissolved in 1 tsp. of hot water 1/4 tsp. each salt, cloves and mace pinch saffron 1 1/4 cup sifted all-purpose flour juice from one lemon 1 tbs honey 3湯匙軟黃油 4分之1杯白糖 3個蛋黃 1個檸檬的皮,擦成細絲 半茶匙鹿角粉或發粉,溶解在1茶匙熱水裡 4分之1茶匙食鹽 4分之1茶匙丁香 4分之1茶匙肉蔻 番紅花少許 1又4分之1杯麵粉 1個檸檬的汁 1茶匙蜂蜜 Cream together the butter sugar until smooth; beat in the egg yolks. Blend in the dissolved hartshorn or baking soda, then the zest, salt spices. Stir in the flour and work until a ball of dough is formed. Knead gently until smooth, working in more flour if necessary. 將黃油與糖攪拌至順滑,加入蛋黃打勻。拌入溶解的鹿角粉或發粉,再加入檸檬皮,鹽與香料。最後加入面,然後把面和均勻,需要的話可以加入更多麵粉。 Roll out the dough on a floured surface to a 1/4 」 thickness. With a floured butter knife, cut the dough into small squares or rectangles. Make decorative vent holes on the cakes by pricking with a fork, then place them on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. 將面擀至約4分之1英寸厚,並用一把沾面的黃油刀將其切成一個一個小方形。用叉子在它們的表面上扎出裝飾性的小孔,然後把它們放到鋪上烘烤紙的烤盤上。 Bake in a preheated 300° F oven for 14-15 minutes until just done. Be sure that they do not brown on the bottom. Cool on a wire rack. While they are cooling, mix the lemon juice and honey together in a pan on the stove, over low heat. Let cool slightly before brushing onto cakes, and store in an air-tight container. 在預熱至150攝氏度的烤箱里烤14到15分鐘,小心不要將底部烤焦。出爐後放在烤架上晾涼。將檸檬汁與蜂蜜用小火煮成糖漿,讓糖漿冷卻一下,再將它刷在蛋糕上。密封保存。
2、Elizabethan Lemon Cakes 伊麗莎白式檸檬蛋糕(材料中含有罌粟=。=)
高能!製作方法以及所需材料~ Ingredients(材料):
3 Tbs. warm ale 2 1/2 tsp. instant yeast 1/2 stick unsalted butter (4 Tbs.) 3/4 cup sugar 2 eggs, beaten 1 tbs. poppy seeds juice and zest of 1 lemon ~2 cups unbleached flour 1/8 tsp. salt 3湯匙愛爾啤酒(麥芽啤酒),溫熱 2茶匙半乾酵母 半條無鹽黃油 (4湯匙) 3分之4杯白糖 2個蛋,攪拌均勻 1湯匙罌粟籽 1個檸檬的汁與擦成細絲的皮 約2杯未漂白麵粉 8分之1茶匙鹽 Dissolve yeast in warm ale, along with 1 Tbs. of the flour mixture. Your yeast should bubble up after a few minutes, indicating that the yeast is active. 將乾酵母與1湯匙麵粉溶解在溫熱的愛爾啤酒里。如果酵母幾分鐘後開始冒泡泡,就代表已經發酵完成了。 In a separate bowl, cream together the butter and sugar. Beat in eggs and seeds, followed by the lemon zest and juice. Gently add the yeast to this mixture, then begin to fold in the flour and salt. Use as much flour as is needed to make a smooth, thick batter. Grease your cupcake pan, and fill the cups 2/3 full. Bake in middle of oven at 350° F for 15-20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Let cool slightly before turning onto a cake rack. 在另外一個碗里將黃油與糖攪拌至順滑。拌入蛋與罌粟籽,隨即加入擦成細絲的檸檬皮與檸檬汁。小心地將酵母倒入混合物中,然後加入鹽與麵粉,將面和成麵糊。用油擦好烤紙杯蛋糕用的烤盤並將麵糊倒入烤盤中至2分之3滿。在180攝氏度的烤箱中層烤15到20分鐘,或直到一根插入蛋糕中間的牙籤不再沾上面糊為止。讓烤好的蛋糕稍微冷卻,然後移到烤架上。 For an extra lemony kick, try topping your cakes with lemon curd! 喜歡濃厚一點的檸檬味道的話,可以在烤好的蛋糕上加上英式檸檬醬。 3、Modern Lemon Cake 現代檸檬蛋糕
高能!製作方法以及所需材料~ Ingredients(材料): 1-3/4 sticks (3/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons) unsalted butter 2 cups granulated sugar 2 large eggs Grated zest of 1 lemon (about 2 tablespoons) 3 cups cake flour, sifted after measuring 1-1/2 teaspoons baking powder 1-1/2 teaspoons kosher salt Juice of 1 lemon (about 2 tablespoons) 1 cup plus 3 tablespoons whole milk
Topping:
2 lemons, sliced thinly 1 cup water 1 cup sugar 1又3分之4條(或3分之4杯加2湯匙)無鹽黃油 2杯白糖 2個大號雞蛋 1個檸檬的皮,擦成細絲(約2湯匙) 3杯低筋麵粉 1茶匙半發粉 1茶匙半鹽 1個檸檬的汁(約2湯匙) 1杯加3湯匙全脂牛奶 裝飾: 2個檸檬,切薄片 1杯水 1杯白糖 Position a rack in the center of the oven. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Butter a couple of cupcake pans. 將烤架放在烤爐中層,將烤爐預熱至180攝氏度。用油擦好幾個烤紙杯蛋糕用的烤盤。 Combine the butter and sugar in a large mixing bowl of a stand mixer and mix at medium speed until mixture is light and fluffy. Add the eggs to the butter mixture and mix them at medium speed for 1 minute. Add the lemon zest. 用攪拌器將黃油與糖以中速攪拌至起泡沫。將雞蛋加入黃油混合物里並以中速攪拌1分鐘。加入擦成細絲的檸檬皮。 Measure out the cake flour and sift into a separate bowl. Add the baking powder and salt and stir the ingredients just to blend them. Add one-third of the flour mixture to the butter mixture and mix them at low speed for about 1 minute or until the flour is completely incorporated. Add the lemon juice and 1 cup plus 1-1/2 tablespoons of milk. Mix them at low speed until they are completely incorporated. Add the rest of the ingredients, alternating between dry and wet, and mix at low speed for until it is completely incorporated. 量好低筋麵粉並篩入另外一個碗中。加入發粉與鹽並將其與麵粉混合。將麵粉混合物的3分之1加入黃油混合物中並用攪拌器將其以低速攪拌1分鐘,直至拌勻。加入檸檬汁與1杯加1湯匙半牛奶,以低速拌勻。加入剩下的材料並以低速拌勻。 Scrape the batter into the loaf pans, dividing it evenly and smoothing the surfaces with a spatula. Bake the cakes for ~15 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of each cake comes out clean. 將麵糊倒入烤盤中,注意麵糊的平均分配與表面的平滑。烤大約15分鐘或直到一根插入蛋糕中間的牙籤不再沾上面糊為止。 While the cakes are baking, make the candied lemons: cook the water and sugar in a small saucepan over medium heat until the mixture comes to a simmer. Add in the sliced lemons and continue to simmer until the lemons are semi-translucent. Fish out the lemons, and reserve the sugar mixture (which now tastes like lemons!). Arrange the lemon slices on top of your mini cakes, and for an added kick, let the cakes sit in the warm sugar mixture to soak up some of the juice. 在蛋糕烤著的同時,用中火將水與白糖煮至快要沸騰。加入切成薄片的檸檬並繼續煮至檸檬至半透明狀。將檸檬片撈出,煮檸檬的糖漿待用。將檸檬片裝飾在蛋糕上並將蛋糕放入糖漿中,讓蛋糕吸滿糖汁。
2015.2.13答案 1、Honeyed Chicken 蜜汁雞 出自:(冰與火之歌1 權利的遊戲 瓊恩 6)(A Game Of Thrones, Jon 6) Something rubbed against his leg beneath the table. Jon saw red eyes staring up at him. "Hungry again?" he asked. There was still half a honeyed chicken in the center of the table. Jon reached out to tear off a leg, then had a better idea. He knifed the bird whole and let the carcass slide to the floor between his legs.Ghost ripped into it in savage silence. 長桌下有東西摩擦他的腳,低頭只見一對紅眼睛盯著他望。「肚子又餓了?」他問。餐桌中間還有半隻蜜汁烤雞,瓊恩伸手撕下一隻雞腿,突然心生一計,用餐刀把整隻雞的肉切割下來,然後讓剩餘的雞骨從自己雙腿間滑到地上。「白靈」野蠻卻安靜地撕咬起骨頭。
Ingredients(材料): 1 whole chicken for roasting olive oil/butter (~1 Tbs) salt 1隻全雞 約1湯匙橄欖油或黃油 鹽
Sauce醬汁: 1/2 cup apple cider vinegar 1/3 cup honey Dash of mint, dried or fresh (abt. 1 tsp.) Small handful of raisins ~1 Tbs. butter 半杯蘋果醋 3分之1杯蜂蜜 約1茶匙新鮮或干薄荷 1小把葡萄乾 約1湯匙黃油
Rub the chicken down with olive oil/butter and salt. This makes the skin crispy and delicious. Cook in an oven at 450 degrees F for approximately an hour, or until the juices run clear, and the thick meat of the breast is no longer pink. 用橄欖油或黃油與鹽將雞身擦個遍,這將使雞皮酥脆而美味。 用230攝氏度烤約1個小時,或直到不再流汁而雞胸肉不再是粉紅色為止。
While your chicken is roasting away in the oven, combine all ingredients in saucepan and allow to simmer until the raisins plump and the sauce reduces slightly. Remove from heat, and when the chicken is done, spread the sauce and raisins over the bird. 在烤著雞的同時,將醬汁的所有材料煮至葡萄乾飽滿,並讓醬汁稍微濃縮。將煮好的醬汁從爐子上移除。雞烤好後,將醬汁與葡萄乾倒在上面。
2、Onions in Gravy 肉汁洋蔥 出自:(A Game Of Thrones, Jon 6)(冰與火之歌1:權利的遊戲,瓊恩 6) Ben Stark laughed. "As I feared. Ah, well. I believe I was younger than you the first time I got truly and sincerely drunk." He snagged a roasted onion, dripping brown with gravy, from a nearby trencher and bit into it. It crunched. 班揚·史塔克笑道:「果不出我所料。呵呵,算了。記得我自己第一次喝得酩酊大醉時,年紀比你還小。」他從旁邊木餐盤裡揀起一顆滴著棕色肉汁的烤洋蔥,一口咬將下去,發出鬆脆的喀嚓聲響。
3、Tyrion"s Breakfast at Winterfell 小惡魔的豪華早餐(已加入豪華早餐陣容XD) 出自:(A Game Of Thrones, Tyrion 10)(冰與火之歌1:權利的遊戲,提利昂 10)
A servant approached. "Bread", Tyrion told him, "and two of those little fish, and a mug of that good dark beer to wash them down. Oh, and some bacon. Burn it until it turns black." 侍者迎上前來。「我要麵包,」提利昂告訴他,「兩條這種小魚,再配上一杯上好的黑啤酒。噢,還要幾片培根,記得煎焦一點。"
Ingredients(材料): bacon dark bread, such as a pumpernickel 1 egg 1/2 cup milk 4 6-ounce cod or other white-fleshed fish fillets 1/3 cup all-purpose flour 1/3 cup breadcrumbs or corn meal 1/4 teaspoon paprika salt and pepper to taste Vegetable oil, for shallow frying
製作過程: Whisk the egg and milk in a medium bowl; add the cod and set aside to soak. Mix the flour, cracker meal, cayenne pepper and a pinch of salt on a plate. Cook bacon in a skillet until it』s burned black, and crispy. Remove from pan and keep warm. Heat 1 inch of oil in the skillet over medium-high heat. Remove the fish from the milk mixture and dredge in the flour mixture, turning to coat. Fry in the hot oil until golden, 2 to 4 minutes per side. Transfer to a paper-towel-lined plate to drain; season with salt and pepper. Serve up the bacon, fish, and bread. You can add other breakfast elements to taste, such as eggs, honey, etc. 將雞蛋與牛奶在一個中等大小的碗里攪勻,並將魚柳放入裡面浸泡。將麵粉,炸粉,胡椒與鹽在一個盤子里混合。 培根煎至焦香發黑,放在一旁保溫待用。 將約1英寸深的油在平底鍋內用中火加熱。魚柳撈出,瀝干並均勻地沾裹上麵粉混合物。 在熱油中炸至兩面金黃色,每面炸約2到4分鐘。用紙巾吸去多餘的油分並用鹽與胡椒調味。 將培根,魚與麵包一起端上。可按個人口味添加其它早餐材料,如雞蛋,蜂蜜等。