「劍橋英語在用」辭彙搭配
一、辭彙搭配的多樣性
動詞+名詞: arouse someones interest, lead a seminar
副詞+形容詞: fundamentally different
副詞+動詞: flatly contradict名詞+名詞: a lick of paint, a team of experts, words of wisdom動詞短語: come up with, adhere to複合名詞: stock market, economy drive
辭彙搭配難點:
1.什麼樣的辭彙搭配是地道的,比如:「交朋友」準確的表達是 make friends 而不是 get friends; 「大雨」準確的表達是 heavy rain 而不是 strong rain.再比如: 她有一頭金髮。我們不會寫成: Shes got yellow hair. 英文中yellow不會與hair進行搭配, 可以與flowers,paint 進行搭配使用; 地道表達應該是: Shes got blond hair.
2.什麼樣的辭彙搭配應該運用到正式書面語, 什麼樣的辭彙搭配應該運用到非正式場合或者日常交流中,比如:alight from a bus 意思是下車, 通常運用在正式書面語; 日常口語表達會直接說成: getting off a bus.
二、掌握地道辭彙搭配的重要性
1.提升寫作和口語表達的地道性,比如: of great importance 顯然要比 of big or high importance 更加地道。
2.豐富寫作時用詞的多樣性,比如: 我們在一個群山環繞的美麗的小村莊里度過了一個非常愉快的假期。有的夥伴會這樣描述: We had a very happy holiday in a nice little village surrounded by beautiful mountains. 其中 very,good,nice 是大家在寫作過程忍不住使用的單詞,因為你無法"控雞"你自己。掌握片語多樣性表達,我們可以改寫為:We had a blissfully happy holiday in a picturesque little village surrounded by spectacular mountains.
下面再來看幾個書中的例子,請將斜體單詞分別用括弧中的單詞進行替換,自行體會用詞的精妙:
1. Our new family hotel is set in a nice location and all the rooms have nice furnishings and nice views over the surrounding countryside . (stylish / secluded / breathtaking)2. Visitors will enjoy the good atmosphere in either of our good dining rooms, both serving good food to both residents and non-residents.(delicious / relaxing / spacious)3. We orgnise tours to beautiful surrounding villages where youll have the opportunity to take some beautiful photographs and sample the beautiful local cuisine. (mouth-watering / picturesque / stunning)
3.運用高級辭彙未必能給文章加分:
比如書中提到:mitigating 一詞多數情況只跟factors,circumstance進行搭配。來看下圖朗文詞典的解釋: 關於犯罪或錯誤情況的事實似乎不那麼嚴重。片語mitigate circumstances 的準確含義是:可以減輕罪行的情節。
很多夥伴遇到mitigate這個詞,習慣性的百度翻譯查詢單詞如下:
寫作時錯誤的使用搭配「緩解...癥狀」: mitigate symptoms, 從而導致搭配運用不夠準確,反而會被扣分; 準確的搭配應該是:alleviate the symptoms of ...
三、積累書中4個常用搭配
1.Inclement weather was expected.
正式書面用語,意思是:糟糕的天氣(unpleasant weather); inclement 多數情況下只跟 weather 搭配使用,形容天氣情況。
2.She has auburn hair.
auburn(紅褐色的)只能與hair搭配, 比如: auburn curls(捲髮) / tresses(披肩長發) / locks(頭髮), 雅思口語描述一個人的外貌特徵可以使用。
3.I felt deliriously happy.
deliriously happy = extremely happy; deliriously 通常不與sad,content , glad 進行搭配, 參見詞典兩種用法:
4.The chairperson adjourned the meeting.
have a pause or rest during a meeting/trial 會議或審訊中途休息
大家在閱讀外刊一定有這種體會:單詞都能看懂,卻不理解句子含義。原因之一就是: 句子中含有某些固定辭彙搭配是大家不熟悉的,比如書中提到的表達: I was walking to and fro. 很多夥伴看到後還以為fro是不是書寫from筆誤導致!其實,walk to and fro 是一個固定的片語搭配,英文釋義: I was walking in one direction and then in the opposite direction,a repeated number of times.中文理解為:來回的, 往複的。建議大家遇到生僻辭彙搭配,請上網查閱詞典:
http://weixin.qq.com/r/oylNVVTEMwlMrRA293yx (二維碼自動識別)
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