分句1:To understand the ancient Mayan people who lived in the area that is today southern Mexico and Central America and the ecological difficulties they faced
分句2:one must first consider their environment
分句3:which we think of as 「jungle」 or 「tropical rainforest」
分句1是to understand引導的狀語從句,and連接兩個賓語the ancient Mayan people和the ecological difficulties,who引導定語從句修飾Mayan people,that引導定語從句修飾area,they faced 是省略that的賓語從句。分句3是which引導的非限定性定語從句。
之後再進行簡化,把修飾成分也就是定語和狀語去掉,抓住主幹成分,這句話的主幹也就是分句2:one must first consider their environment
First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
比如這樣子的一個長難句,乍一看是從句各種嵌套吧,統統砍掉就好了。
主幹部分就一句話:The theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds. 說這個理論折騰了不少頂尖數學天才。
其他的修飾部分如有必要再單獨一個個來看就好了。
比如:First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century 這不就是一個人幹了什麼事么?
including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem。 這不就是舉個例子那誰誰誰做了什麼?
and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 這不就是補充之前那個誰誰誰還做了啥?
加點前戲: Being a freshman in XXX university, I have to learn English well.
再加點雞腿: Being a freshman in XXX university, I have to learn English well, which usually puts me in a better position to compete with others in the future.
還不夠長: Being a freshman in XXX university and having been told the importance of English in career development, I have to learn English well by chanllenging myself at the yearly English speech match held on october, which usually puts me in a better position to compete with others in the future.
當然這個好像並不啥難句,僅僅是臨時起意而已。還可以繼續發揮……
自己刷tpo的時候覺得難的句子摘下來
如果是70分,多打好基礎
如果是90分,多刷題
最好的素材就是托福閱讀裡面的句子簡化題哈
有托福TPO + OG 真題練習的任何一個app,都有題型篩選功能,把句子簡化題(sentence simplification)單選出來,有100+的長句,吃透了托福就夠用了。